Turquoise

Turquoise is one of the oldest stones used by people — turquoise jewelry dates back over 5,000 years.

It is a copper and aluminum phosphate mineral.

It forms slowly in desert regions, where copper-rich water percolates through rocks and deposits in fractures over millions of years.

It has been sacred on three continents. The Egyptians mined it in Sinai and dedicated it to the goddess Hathor, 'Lady of Turquoise'.

The Persians regarded it as a bringer of victory and protection, and 'Persian turquoise' remains the benchmark of quality to this day.

For the Navajo and Zuni peoples of North America, it is still a sacred stone, given to infants for protection.

It also appears among Tutankhamun's treasures — his mask combines turquoise, lapis, and carnelian.

Its color ranges from sky blue to blue-green, often with brown veining ('matrix') that gives it a unique look.

The finest specimens come from Iran and the Southwestern United States.

Associated with protection, luck, and healing, turquoise is one of December's birthstones.

With a hardness of 5–6 and a porous structure, it readily absorbs oils, perfume, and chemicals, which can alter its color.

Golden rule: put it on last and keep it away from water, cosmetics, and strong sunlight. Its vivid tone is beautifully highlighted in 925 silver.